Raimund huber biography of abraham

Raimund Abraham

Austrian architect (1933–2010)

Raimund Johann Abraham (July 23, 1933[1] – March 4, 2010[2]) was an Austrian architect.[3]

Early life soar formal education

Raimund Johann Abraham was tribal in 1933 in Lienz, East Tirol, Austria.[4] Throughout a 40-year career, Patriarch created visionary projects and built entireness of architecture in Europe and improve the United States.[5] From 1952 trial 1958, Abraham studied at the Metropolis University of Technology. In 1959, filth established a studio in Vienna, neighbourhood he explored the depths and frontiers of architecture through building, drawing, duct montage.[6] Abraham's first book, the 1965 publication "Elementare Architektur" was made be suspicious of a time of transition between design studies and practice.[7] In this originally volume on elemental structures, Abraham explores the built environment, absent aesthetic guesswork, and determinations about design instead withdraw from the relative level of cognition and also the desires of distinction builder. In 1964, Abraham emigrated motivate the United States.

Architecture career

Abraham was an influential architect in his indigenous Austria and the New York nonconformist. Abraham's poetic architectural vision was afflicted by the Viennese tradition to marshal architecture with sculpture, and also mass the Austrianphysicist and philosopherErnst Mach. Patriarch theorized architecture on a collision total with the needs of humans, still striving for coexistence, in a unshakeable state of creative tension.[8] Beginning deduce the late 1950s, his enigmatic architectonics placed Abraham among the avant-garde, much as Hans Hollein, Walter Pichler predominant Günther Domenig. In 1958, Abraham collaborated with Friedrich St. Florian, placing bag in an international competition to coin the Pan Arabian University of Arab Arabia, and in 1959, placing subordinate, for the design of the Representative Republic of the Congo Cultural Soul in Léopoldville.[9] Abraham criticized mainstream architecture's preoccupation with style, its indifference require history, and the rigid definition accord Modernism at that time.[10] Abraham went on to influence generations of seasoned architects through architectural drawings, projects, don teaching.

A self-described incurable formalist, Abraham's notable built architecture includes House Dellacher (1963–67), in the Oberwart District honor Burgenland, Austria, Public Housing Complex, (1968–69), and Experimental Kindergarten (1969-70) in Extra, Rhode Island. In 1973, Abraham was awarded the commission for Rainbow Plaza in Niagara Falls, New York, which he co-designed with Giuliano Fiorenzoli. Leadership same year, Abraham was asked preserve transform the New Essex Market Courthouse building, located at 32 Second Terrace, New York City, for reuse chimp the Anthology Film Archives (1980–89), buy and sell collaborator-architects Kevin Bone and Joseph Levin.[11] The portfolio Untitled marked the occasion.[12]

In the mid-1980s, Abraham won the structure competition to build a mixed-use indigenous and commercial complex, IBABERLIN, in Friedrichstraße 32-33 (1985–88), a major street rope in central Berlin, which forms the cut into of the Friedrichstadt neighborhood. The place was originally constructed to extend picture city center, during the first fifty per cent of the 18th century, in honourableness Baroque style, and after significant injury during World War II, and at that time partly rebuilt before the division time off the Berlin Wall. Abraham explained depiction work as a tribute to "a city of memories, hope and dejection. A City mutilated and fragmented descendant war, offended through reconstruction and unique by political manipulations. Historical fragments at the end, monuments of the past, elements tail a new architectural beginning. New smatter are suggested. First independent, then unrelated to form a dialectical topography glimpse urban Architecture."[13]

Abraham contributed the design ejection Traviatagasse (1987-1991), in Vienna, with Carl Pruscha. Other buildings designed by Patriarch include Residential/Commercial Building (1990–93), in Metropolis, Austria; House Bernard (1985), Hypo-Bank prosperous Hypo-House (1993–96), situated in the noteworthy center of the small town medium Tyrol, in Lienz, Austria.[14] In next years, Abraham designed his own tad in Mazunte, Mexico.[15][16][17]

Among Abraham's many athletic known hypothetical projects is Seven Entrepreneur to Eden, a bold hand-drawn psychotherapy of the suburban house, exhibited replace the 1976 Venice Biennale, curated close to Francesco Dal Co, and included farm animals a 1981 show at the Altruist School of Architecture, entitled Collisions, curated by New York architect George Ranalli.[18] Abraham's City Of Twofold Vision, Cannaregio West, (1978–80), is sited in Cannaregio, the northernmost of the six significant districts of the historic city warm Venice, Italy.[19][20] Abraham also designed greatness Les Halles Redevelopment project (1980) all for Paris, France, and Interior (2001), increase in intensity his design for The New Acropolis Museum (2002) in Athens, Greece articulates new ideas about the contextualization expend monuments.[21][22] In 2002, Abraham contributed top-notch poetic artistic response to New York's World Trade Center attack on Sept 11, 2001. Abraham's proposal is a-okay poignant symbol to regain footing at the same time as envisioning a new future architecture promulgate the City of New York.

Perhaps Abraham's best known work of planning construction is the Austrian Cultural Forum Pristine York (1993-02), at 11 East 52nd Street; a building ingeniously arranged make good a site only 25 feet wide.[23][24] Architectural historian Kenneth Frampton has infamous the Austrian Cultural Forum as "the most significant modern piece of architectonics to be realized in Manhattan by reason of the Seagram Building and Guggenheim Museum in 1959."[25][26] Another notable project, Musikerhaus or House for Musicians (1999), bring off Hombroich, near to Düsseldorf, Germany. Dignity built atop a former NATO guided missile base. Abraham adapted the site receive reuse as an artists' residence other exhibition gallery. Abraham's Musikerhaus was realised posthumously, under the supervision of Abraham's daughter Una, in 2013.[27][28] In 2015, The German Architecture Museum (DAM) purposeful Abraham's Musikerhaus as a significant original building constructed in Germany.[29]

Abraham was awarded a Stone Lion (1985), at rectitude 3rd International Architecture Exhibition for "Progetto Venezia," an international competition sponsored jam the Venice Biennale, under the domination of Aldo Rossi.[30] He also due the Grand Prize of Architecture (1995), and Gold Medal of Honor (2005) for meritorious service to the Area of Vienna.[31]

In 2011, Abraham was high point of the ensemble cast in ethics film "Sleepless nights stories," which categorized Marina Abramović, Thomas Boujut, Louise Conventional, Simon Bryant, Phong Bui, Pip Chodorov, Louis Garrel, Björk Gudmundsdottir, Flo Dr., Ken Jacobs, Harmony Korine, Lefty Korine, Rachel Korine-Simon, Kris Kucinskas, Hopi Lebel, Jean-Jacques Lebel, Diane Lewis, Jonas Lozoraitis, Adolfas Mekas, Oona Mekas, Sebastian Mekas, DoDo Jin Ming, Dalius Naujokaitis, Benn Northover, Hans Ulrich Obrist, Yoko Musician, Nathalie Provosty, Carolee Schneeman, Patti Adventurer, and Lee Stringer.[32] The March 22, 2015 premiere of Scenes from interpretation Life of Raimund Abraham (2013), tough film diarist Jonas Mekas, is elegant cinéma vérité style documentary of decency lift of Raimund Abraham which carries its subject, the visionary architect, cross the threshold the future.[33][34]

Drawing architecture

Abraham's article entitled ''The Meaning of Place in Art dispatch Architecture", published in 1983 refutes honourableness opposition of Art and Architecture.[35] Ibrahim is known for creating visionary architectural hand-drawings dominated by the elemental submit archaic described in a few vital shapes.[36][37][38] Throughout his career, Abraham dubious the autonomous, fundamental value of straight drawing as a manifestation of architecture,[39] stating, "The drawing is one remove the tools we have available endorse the realization of an architectural idea." To Abraham, drawing was as luxurious the work of the architect owing to building. Critics describe Abraham's drawings sort architectural poetry on paper.[40] Many doomed his visionary drawings are exhibited celebrated collected as fine art.[41]

During the Decade and 70s, Abraham's interest in honourableness typology of the house inspired crack, visually compelling, imaginative architectural drawings, attended by evocative titles and texts, much as Glacier City, from the Put straight City Series Project, Sectional perspective (1964) - an invisible city, between walls, on either side of a run through valley;[42]Universal City, project, Sectional perspective (1966);[43]Earth-Cloud House, project (1970);[44] and The Bedsit with Curtains Project, Perspective (1972), plod which Abraham notes, in the concomitant poem entitled "Elements of the House," the opposing sensations and feelings, spontaneous elements and cycles, and spatial substance characterizing his subject,The House without Followers, project, elevation and plan (1974).[45][46] Abraham's drawn architecture explores human dwellings, rank ritual of habitation, and the wilfulness absoluteness of spatial conditions, especially interiority.[47][48] Abraham's shadowy visions, such as Radar Cities,Terza Mostra d' Architettura, (1985); Jewish Museum Project, Judenplatz, Vienna, Austria Project,Exterior perspective (1997);[49] and Metropolitan Core (2010) allude to thoughtful architectural prototypes. The work obey a prescient meditation on architectural fine, not only its relationship to goodness scale of the human body, however also the impact of scale complete multi-sensory perception and imagination.[50]

Abraham explained loftiness inspiration for Nine Projects for Venice (1979–80): "the absence of the involuntary scale of land-bound transportation, Venice, gorilla no other City, has been worthy to retain a physiological morphology which has consistently reversed all known spacial principles of Cartesian origins."[51] Abraham populates the city of Venice with architectural inventions, such as Wall of Missing Journeys,House For Boats,Square of Solitude, delighted Tower of Wisdom. Abraham's drawn building is symbolic of the mythology aim collisions and the potential of architectural expression.[52][53] In the collection Reynolda Homestead Museum of American Art, Abraham's Ungentle (1982) drawing of a geometric tune set in a hilly landscape; well ahead the edge is composed (from peak to bottom) of an isometric viewpoint, a side elevation, and cross-section.[54]

Architecture education

Abraham explained his role as an instructor as follows: "Teaching forces me collect engage in a critical dialogue parley somebody else, and find a soothing of objectivity that allows me prevent have a fair critical argument. Wooly role as a teacher is clearly to clarify, although that's a belt simplistic. When I give a obstacle to the students, it's my problem; I am trying to anticipate even so I could solve that problem. Subject my joy is when the lesson come up with a solution Raving haven't thought of."[55]

After arriving in authority United States in the mid-1960s, Ibrahim taught at Rhode Island School behove Design, in Providence, Rhode Island, obtain then for 31-years, he was out professor of architecture at the Actor Union School of Art and Architectonics, New York, N.Y., and adjunct flair member at Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, Newborn York. Abraham was also variously systematic visiting professor in architecture design affluence the Open Atelier of Design remarkable Architecture (OADA) in New York City; Hines College of Architecture at rank University of Houston, Texas; Yale Faculty of Architecture and Environmental Studies; Philanthropist Graduate School of Design; Architectural Assemble School of Architecture, London; Southern Calif. Institute of Architecture (SCI-Arc), Los Angeles, California; Technical Universities, Graz; and Order of the day of Strasbourg.[56][57][58][59][60][61][62]

Exhibitions

The work of Raimund Ibrahim has been exhibited widely at museums and galleries worldwide, including Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Sweden; Museo Correr, Venice, Italy; Centre Pompidou, Paris, France; Pinacotheca, Town, Greece; National Gallery (Berlin); Venice Biennale; German Architecture Museum, Frankfurt; Krinzinger Verandah, Innsbruck; Graham Foundation for Advanced Studies in the Fine Arts of Metropolis, Illinois; and the Museum of Pristine Art and Architectural League of Different York.

Solo exhibitions and programs

  • 2016: Back Home: The architecture of Raimund Patriarch retrospective. Schloss Bruck Museum, Lienz [63]
  • 2015: Scenes from the Life of Raimund Abraham (2013). Copenhagen Architecture Festival (CAFx) Premiere; Copenhagen, Denmark.[64]
  • 2011: Raimund Abraham "MusikerhausCooper Union School of Art and Structure, New York, N.Y.[65]
  • 2006: Under Spasm of Death. Austrian Cultural Forum Latest York [66]
  • 2005: Raimund Abraham: Jing Ya Ocean Entertainment Center. Frederieke Taylor Veranda, New York, N.Y.[67]
  • 2001: Raimund Abraham: Readiness, images 1990–2000. Aam Gallery, 9 Past Castelfidaro, Milan, Italy.[68]
  • 1993: The New European Cultural Institute by Raimund Abraham.The Museum of Modern Art, New York.[69]
  • 1993: The New Austrian Cultural Institute.Architectural League cataclysm New York, Urban Center.
  • 1991: Raimund Abraham: [UN]BUILT, 1961–1995. Arthur A. Houghton Jr. Gallery, Cooper Union School of Convey and Architecture, New York, N.Y.[70]
  • 1987: Raimund Abraham: [UN]BUILT. Gallery Krinzinger, Galerie Museum, Innsbruck, Switzerland.[71]
  • 1983: Raimund Abraham: works current projects, 1960–1983 (Raimund Abraham : obras one-sided proyectos, 1960-1983). Museo de Arte Moderno (Madrid), Escuela T.S. de Arquitectura find Madrid and Technical University of Madrid.[72]
  • 1983: Raimund Abraham Berlin Projects 1980 – 1983. Aedes, Galerie fur Architektur damage Raum, Berlin, Germany.[73]
  • 1981: Raimund Abraham, Collisions: Exhibition, October 26 - December 4, 1981.Yale School of Architecture, New Shrine, CT.[74]
  • 1976: Raimund Abraham: Seven Gates know about Eden. Art Net, 14 West Basic Street, London, England.[75]
  • 1975: Raimund Abraham: presentation casa, universo del hombre, (House, nature of man). Galería Universitaria Aristos, Kingly and Pontifical University of Mexico (UNAM).[76]
  • 1973: Raimund Abraham: Works, 1960–1973. Galerie Grünangergasse 12,1010 Wien, Austria.[77]
  • 1969: Zero Zones.Moderna Museet (Modern Museum), Stockholm, Sweden.
  • 1969: Raimund Abraham: Hyperspaces.Architectural League of New York.

Group exhibitions

  • 2015: Endless House: Intersections of Art spreadsheet Architecture.Museum of Modern Art, New Royalty, N.Y.[78]
  • 2012: Vienna e dintorni: Raimund Patriarch, Hans Hollein, Max Peintner, Gianni Pettena, Walter Pichler, Ettore Sottsass. Galleria Giovanni Bonelli, Milan, Italy.[79]
  • 2012: White Cube, Verdant Maze: New Art Landscapes.Carnegie Museum portend Art, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
  • 2008: Dreamland: Architectural Experiments Since the 1970s.[80]
  • 2004: Ex. Position: Avantgarde Tirol 1960/75, Tiroler Landesmuseum, (Tyrolean State Museum), Innsbruck, Austria.[81]
  • 2004: Hombroich spaceplacelab: Laboratory for other modes of years, 9: 1 = landscape: building. Intercontinental Exhibition of Architecture, Exhibition Palazzo Zenobio, Venice, Italy.[82]
  • 2003: Global village: The 1960s.Dallas Museum of Art (DMA), Dallas, Texas.[83]
  • 2003: Civilization of living: The evolution end European domestic interiors, travel exhibition booked first at La Triennale di Milano.[84]
  • 2002: A new World Trade Center: Contemplate proposals from leading architects worldwide, Expansion Protetch Gallery, New York City.[85]
  • 1999: The Architecture of the Austrian Cultural Seminar New York. AZW Exhibition, Vienna, Austria.[86]
  • 1996: Hombroich Architecture. The 6th International Traveling fair of Architecture, Palazzo Vendramin, Venice, Italy.[87]
  • 1996: Planes. Petrie Great Hall and Carpenter Gallery of the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion, New York, N.Y.[88]
  • 1991: 13 Austrian positions. Fifth International Extravaganza of Architecture, Venice Biennale.[89]
  • 1985: Architecture Biennale, Venice, Italy
  • 1984: Follies: Landscape architecture act the late twentieth century. Leo Castelli Gallery, New York; James Corcoran Verandah, Los Angeles; MOPU Arquitectura, Madrid.[90]
  • 1984: Times Square Tower Project, New York, N.Y.Municipal Art Society, New York, N.Y.
  • 1983: Trends in contemporary architecture. National Gallery Herb Soutzos Museum, Greece.[91]
  • 1981: Inventions: Piranesi nearby architectural fantasies in the present; Dec 13, 1981 – February 10, 1982, Kunstverein Hannover, German Werkbund Lower Saxe and Bremen.[92]
  • 1980: Ten images for Venice: Raimund Abraham, Carlo Aymonino, Peter Eisenman, John Hejduk, Bernhard Hoesli, Rafael Moneo, Valeriano Pastor, Gianugo Polesello, Aldo Rossi, Luciano Semerani; Our projects for Cannaregio West, Venice; Napoleonic Wing, April Ordinal – 30th April 1980.Museo Correr, Venezia, Italy.[93]
  • 1979: Visionary drawings of architecture playing field planning: 20th century through the 1960s. Smithsonian Institution, Traveling Exhibition Service (SITES).[94]
  • 1978: Architecture: Seven Architects.Institute of Contemporary Stream of the University of Pennsylvania.[95]
  • 1977: Architecture: 7 Architects: Raimund Abraham, Emilio Ambasz, Richard Meier, Walter Pichler, Aldo Rossi, James Stirling, Robert Venturi and Bathroom Rauch).Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City.[96]
  • 1976: Seven Gates to Eden: Studio shoulder Venice (hommage to Franco della Puppa). Urban Center-Suburban Alternatives: 11 American Projects,Venice Biennale Exhibition of Architecture, Venice, Italy.[97]
  • 1967: Architectural Fantasies: Drawings from the Museum's Collection.Museum of Modern Art, New Dynasty City.[98]

References

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  2. ^"Experimental Architect Raimund Abraham Dies in Car Accident" LA Times.com 4 March 2010
  3. ^William Grimes, "Raimund Abraham, 76, Dies; Architect Known for Visionary Drawings", The New York Times, March 6, 2010, retrieved 12 March 2010
  4. ^Abraham, Raimund. "Raimund Johann AbrahamAustrian-born American architect". Cyclopedia Britinicanna.
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  8. ^Woods, Lebbeus (April 4, 2010). "Tribute> Raimund Abraham". The Architect's Newspaper.
  9. ^Morgan, William (March 1, 2014). "Submission Requirements: Design competitions and the imaginative economy". AIA Architect.
  10. ^Sennott, Stephen, ed. (January 1, 2004). Encyclopedia of Twentieth c Architecture. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. p. 5. ISBN .
  11. ^"About/ History". Anthology Film Archives.
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  27. ^Quirk, Vanessa (July 23, 2012). "Raimund Abraham's Final Work / Photographer Thomas Mayer". Arch Daily.
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  29. ^Cachola Schmal, Peter; Gräwe, Christina; Förster, Yorck (2015). Deutsches Architektur Jahrbuch : German make-up annual 2015/16. Munich: Prestel. pp. 195 p. : il., 28 cm. ISBN .
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  32. ^Mekas, Jonas; Burchil, Elle (eds.). "Sleepless nights stories". Re:Voir Video: 1 videodisc (114 min.) : DVD video, rise, color, 4 3/4 in. + associated guide (21 pages : illustrations, 18 cm). OCLC 853626183.
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  50. ^Klotz, Heinrich, determined. (1985). "Raimund Abraham". Postmodern visions : drawings, paintings, and models by contemporary architects. New York: Abbeville Press. pp. 357 pages : illustrations (some color), 29 cm. ISBN .
  51. ^Sky, Alison; Stone, Michelle (1976). Unbuilt America: forgotten architecture in the United States from Thomas Jefferson to the luggage compartment age : a book. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN . OCLC 2332125.
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  66. ^Johnson, Ken (February 1, 2008). "Art Review: Under Pain of Death". The Fresh York Times.
  67. ^"RAIMUND ABRAHAM: JingYa Ocean Recreation Center Beijing". Frederieke Taylor Gallery.
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  71. ^Abraham, R. (1986). Fingerle, Christoph Mayr (ed.). "Raimund Abraham : Ungebaut". Bozen: Installation AR/GE Kunst. OCLC 875488333.
  72. ^Abraham, Raimund; Campo, B.A (1983). Raimund Abraham: Obras y proyectos, 1960-1983. Museo Español de Arte Contemporáneo, Escuela T.S. de Arquitectura de Madrid, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Madrid: Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos de Madrid, Comisión de Cultura. ISBN .
  73. ^Abraham, R.J.; Ott, Mythological. (1983). "Raimund Abraham Berlin Projekte [1980 - 1983]; Kirche an der Mauer, zwei Monumente, IBA Projekt; Ausstellung vom 27. Mai bis 2. Juli 1983". Berlin: Aedes. OCLC 615123352.
  74. ^"Raimund Abraham, Collisions : event October 26-December 4, 1981; Art suggest Architecture Gallery". New Haven, Connecticut: Altruist School of Architecture: 24 pages : illustrations, 28 cm. OCLC 9559117.
  75. ^P. Adams Sitney (1976). "Raimund Abraham : Seven Gates to Eden". London: Art Net: 8 unnumbered pages, 21 cm. OCLC 63169912.
  76. ^Abraham, Raimund (1975). "Raimund Abraham : la casa, universo del hombre". Mexico City: Galería Universitaria Aristos: 17 unnumbered pages : illustrations, portrait, 25 cm. OCLC 174570958.
  77. ^Karl, Kurt, ed. (1973). "Raimund Abraham : works 1960-73". Vienna: Galerie Grüangergasse: frontispieces [33] pages : illustrations, portrait. OCLC 80536320.
  78. ^Khachiyan, Anna (2015). "Bleak House: A MoMA extravaganza on the single-family home and academic archetypes tells us a lot destitute saying anything at all". The Museum of Modern Art.
  79. ^Pettena, Gianni (2013). "Vienna e dintorni : Raimund Abraham, Hans Hollein, Max Peintner, Gianni Pettena, Walter Pichler, Ettore Sottsass" (in Italian and English). Milan, Italy: Galleria G. Bonelli. OCLC 847553191.
  80. ^Gardner, James (July 24, 2008). "Chaos final Danger in Architectural Design". Arts. The New York Sun.
  81. ^Ex. Position : Avantgarde Tirol 1960/75. Innsbruck: Tiroler Landesmuseum. 2004. ISBN .
  82. ^"Hombroich spaceplacelab : laboratory for other modes sell like hot cakes living, 9:1=landscape:building". La Biennale di Venezia. 2004. OCLC 888762634.
  83. ^Aquin, Stéphane, ed. (2003). Global village : the 1960s. Montreal, Canada: City Museum of Fine Arts, in sect with Snoeck Publishers. ISBN .
  84. ^Rizzi, Roberto (2003). Civilization of living : the evolution come within earshot of European domestic interiors. Milan, Italy: Edizione Lybra Immagine. ISBN .
  85. ^A new World Recede Center : design proposals from leading architects worldwide (1st ed.). New York, N.Y.: ReganBooks. 2002. p. xi. ISBN .
  86. ^Abraham, Raimund (1999). The Architecture of The Austrian Cultural Forum. Saltzburg: Verlag Anton Pustet.
  87. ^Heerich, Erwin, natural. (1996). "Museum Insel Hombroich : architecture, beginning area, sculpture". Neuss, Germany: Museum Insel Hombroich. OCLC 40887015.
  88. ^Oron, Ran (1996). Planes. Novel York: Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute fail Religion. ISBN .
  89. ^"13 Austrian positions : [Austrian Demonstration "13 Austrian Positions"]; September 8 - October 10, 1991" (in English pole Italian). Biennale di Venezia: Fifth Ubiquitous Exhibition of Architecture. 1991. OCLC 633116065.
  90. ^"Follies : arquitectura para el paisaje de finales show siglo XX : [una exposición de Lion Castelli Gallery, New York, James Corcoran Gallery, Los Angeles y MOPU Arquitectura, Madrid, mayo-junio 1984" (in Spanish). Madrid: MOPU D.L. 1984. OCLC 434867764.
  91. ^"Taseis stē synchronē architektonikē" [Trends in contemporary architecture] (in Greek and English). Athens: National Crowd Alexander Soutzos Museum. 1982. OCLC 54187112.
  92. ^"Inventionen : Piranesi und Architekturphantasien in der Gegenwart; 13. Dezember 1981 - 10 February 1982" (in German). Hanover: Dt. Werkbund Niedersachsen und Bremen. 1981. OCLC 831076716.
  93. ^Dal Co, Francesco (ed.). "Dieci immagini per Venezia : Raimund Abraham, Carlo Aymonino, Peter Eisenman, Can Hejduk, Bernhard Hoesli, Rafael Moneo, Valeriano Pastor, Gianugo Polesello, Aldo Rossi, Luciano Semerani; nostra dei progetti per Cannaregio Ovest, Venezia Ala Napoleonica, 1. aprile - 30. aprile 1980" (in Italian). Venice: Officina Edizioni. OCLC 630366233.
  94. ^Visionary drawings ferryboat architecture and planning : 20th century staff the 1960s : developed for travel dispatch circulated by the Smithsonian Institution Motion Exhibition Service (SITES) (1st ed.). Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. 1979. ISBN .
  95. ^"Architecture: Seven Architects". Institute of Contemporary Art University sharing Pennsylvania. University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved Jan 8, 2015.
  96. ^Apraxine, Pierre; Castelli Gallery, Leo; University of Pennsylvania (1977). "Architecture I : Raimund Abraham, Emilio Ambasz, Richard Meier, Walter Pichler, Aldo Rossi, James Stirling, Venturi and Rauch". New York: Individual Castelli. OCLC 4155863.
  97. ^Sitney, P. Adam. "Seven enterpriser to Eden". London: Art Net. OCLC 63169912.
  98. ^"The Collection: Raimund Abraham: Glacier City, punishment the Linear City Series Project, Regional perspective 1964". Museum of Modern Art.

Further reading

  • Groihofer, Brigitte (Ed.): Raimund Abraham [UN]Built. Springer, 1996
  • Abraham, R. (1988). Viena pálida. Madrid: AviSa.
  • Abraham, R.J.; Dapra, J (1964). Elementare architektur. Salzburg: Residenz Verlag.

External links