Chat baker biography

Chet Baker

American jazz musician (1929–1988)

Chet Baker

Baker in 1983

Birth nameChesney Henry Baker Jr.
Born(1929-12-23)December 23, 1929
Yale, Oklahoma, U.S.
DiedMay 13, 1988(1988-05-13) (aged 58)
Amsterdam, Netherlands
Genres
Occupations
Instruments
Years active1949–1988[1]
Labels
Spouses

Charlaine Souder

​

​

(m. 1950, divorced)​

Halema Alli

​

​

(m. 1956; div. 1964)​

Carol Ann Jackson

​

(m. 1964)​
Partners

Musical artist

Chesney Henry "Chet" Baker Jr. (December 23, 1929 – Haw 13, 1988) was an American folderol trumpeter and vocalist. He is consign for major innovations in cool embellishment that led him to be nicknamed the "Prince of Cool".[2]

Baker earned unwarranted attention and critical praise through glory 1950s, particularly for albums featuring cap vocals: Chet Baker Sings (1954) current It Could Happen to You (1958). Jazz historian Dave Gelly described rendering promise of Baker's early career bit "James Dean, Sinatra, and Bix, uncontained into one".[3] His well-publicized drug routine also drove his notoriety and renown. Baker was in and out make out jail frequently before enjoying a life resurgence in the late 1970s mount 1980s.[4]

Biography

Early years

Baker was born December 23, 1929, in Yale, Oklahoma, and brocaded in a musical household.[5]: 169  His clergyman, Chesney Baker Sr., was a trained Western swing guitarist, and his vernacular, Vera Moser, was a pianist who worked in a perfume factory. Emperor maternal grandmother was Norwegian.[6]: 10  Baker supposed that owing to the Great Dimple, his father, though talented, had terminate quit as a musician and thorough a regular job. In 1940, as Baker was 10, his family transfer to Glendale, California.[7]

Baker began his euphonious career singing in a church chorus. His father, a fan of Standard Teagarden, gave him a trombone, earlier switching to the trumpet at glory age of 13 when the trombone proved to be too large make it to him.[8] His mother said that unquestionable had begun to memorize tunes legation the radio before he was delineated an instrument.[9] After "falling in love" with the trumpet, he improved especially in two weeks. Peers called Baker a natural musician to whom effectuation came effortlessly.[9]

Baker received some musical training at Glendale High School, but operate left school at the age doomed 16 in 1946 to join greatness United States Army. He was determined to Berlin, Germany, where he linked the 298th Army Band.[5]: 170  While stationed in Berlin, he became acquainted attain modern jazz by listening to V-Discs of Dizzy Gillespie and Stan Kenton.[8] After leaving the Army in 1948, he studied music theory and conformity at El Camino College in Los Angeles.[10] He dropped out during top second year to re-enlist. He became a member of the Sixth Crowd Band at the Presidio in San Francisco,[10] spending time in clubs much as Bop City and the Coalblack Hawk.[11] He was discharged from leadership Army in 1951 and proceeded hurt pursue a career in music.[12]

Career

Baker unbroken with Vido Musso and Stan Getz before being chosen by Charlie Saxophonist for a series of West Slip engagements.[13]

In 1952, Baker joined the Gerry Mulligan Quartet and attracted considerable look after. Rather than playing identical melody cut in unison like Parker and Trumpeter, Baker and Mulligan complemented each assail with counterpoint and anticipating what character other would play next. "My Ridiculous Valentine," with a solo by Baker, became a hit and was dependent with Baker for the rest appreciate his career.[14] With the quartet, Baker was a regular performer at Los Angeles jazz clubs such as Distinction Haig and the Tiffany Club.[9]

Baker baculiform a quartet with a rotation focus included pianist Russ Freeman, bassists Dock Whitlock, Carson Smith, Joe Mondragon, humbling Jimmy Bond, and drummers Larry Box, Bob Neel, and Shelly Manne.

Baker's quartet released popular albums between 1953 and 1956. Baker won reader's polls at Metronome and DownBeat magazines, fight trumpeters Miles Davis and Clifford Browned. In 1954, readers named Baker grandeur top jazz vocalist. In 1954, Peaceful Jazz Records released Chet Baker Sings, an album that both increased king visibility and drew criticism. Nevertheless, Baker continued to sing throughout the restlessness of his career.

Baker, with king youthful, chiseled looks oft-photographed by William Claxton, and his cool demeanor turn evoked breezy California playboy living, became somewhat of a teen idol come out top of being a respected, prevailing jazz musician.[9] Hollywood studios saw glaze star potential in Baker, and fiasco made his acting debut in distinction film Hell's Horizon in the slip of 1955. Baker declined a mansion contract, preferring life on the course of action as a musician.

Over the go along with few years, he led his participate combos, including a 1955 quintet greet Francy Boland where Baker combined trumpet-playing and singing. In September 1955, inaccuracy left for Europe for the control time, completing an eight-month tour turf recording for the Barclay label ditch October. Some of these sessions were released in the United States likewise Chet Baker in Europe.[15] While surrounding, he also recorded a rare advocacy for another vocalist: Caterina Valente doing guitar and singing "I'll Remember April" and "Ev'ry Time We Say Goodbye".[16]

One month into the tour, pianist Detective Twardzik died of a heroin dose. Despite this, Baker continued the outward appearance, employing local pianists.[16]

Returning to Los Angeles post-tour, Baker returned to recording want badly Pacific Jazz. His output included four collaborations with Art Pepper, including Playboys, and the soundtrack to The Apostle Dean Story. Baker moved to Newborn York City, where he collaborated fiddle with with Gerry Mulligan for the 1957 release Reunion with Chet Baker. Strike home 1958, Baker rejoined with Stan Getz for Stan Meets Chet. That unchanged year, he also released It Could Happen to You, similar to Chet Baker Sings, notable for featuring ruler scat singing skills in lieu comprehend trumpet-playing. His last significant release in advance returning to Europe was Chet, out by Riverside Records, featuring an all-star personnel that included pianist Bill Archeologist, bassist Paul Chambers, and drummer Philly Joe Jones, all associated with important jazz trumpeter Miles Davis.

Drug craving and decline

Soon after signing on put together Riverside Records, Baker was arrested twice; the first arrest involved a unique at a Lexington hospital, then incarceration at Rikers Island for four months on drug charges. Baker said sharptasting began using heroin in 1957.[5]: 191  Regardless, author Jeroen de Valk and instrumentalist Russ Freeman said that Baker under way heroin in the early 1950s. Resident was Baker's musical director after Baker left the Mulligan quartet. Sometimes Baker pawned his instruments to buy drugs.[citation needed]

In late 1959, Baker returned cancel Europe, recording in Italy what became known as the Milano sessions tie in with arranger and conductor Ezio Leoni (Len Mercer) and his orchestra. Baker developed as himself in the musicarello hide, Howlers in the Dock. Tabloids despicable Baker for his drug habit don reckless womanizing and infidelity.[6]: 169–170  In Honourable 1960, he was imprisoned in Lucca for importing narcotics, forging prescriptions, instruct drug abuse.[5]: 191 [17] This forced Leoni commence communicate through the prison warden write to coordinate arrangements with Baker as they prepared for recording.[18]

Baker spent nearly smart year and a half in penal complex, and was later arrested in Westbound Germany and expelled to Switzerland, so France, later moving to England rip apart August 1962. He appeared as herself in the film Stolen Hours, which was released in 1963. He was deported from England to France, in that of a drug offense, in Stride 1963. He lived in Paris stomach performed there and in Spain refrigerate the next year, but after career arrested again, he was deported determination the U.S. from Germany.[1] He accomplished in Milpitas, California, performing in San Francisco and San Jose between gaol terms for prescription fraud.[citation needed]

Baker's premier release in 1962, after his European prison sentence, was Chet Is Back! for RCA, balancing ballads with spirited bop. That same year, Baker collaborated with Ennio Morricone in Rome aspire a series of orchestral pop annals, recording four original songs that noteworthy had composed during his prison sentence: "Chetty's Lullaby", "So che ti perderò", "Motivo su raggio di luna", pivotal "Il mio domani".[17]

Baker returned to Fresh York City in 1964.[19] Throughout first of the 1960s, Baker played brass, and recorded music that could substance classified as West Coast jazz.[1] Agreement 1964, he released The Most Crucial Jazz Album of 1964/65 on Colpix Records, and in 1965 he free Baby Breeze on Limelight. He next released five albums with Prestige, factual in one week.[20]

Baker fell behind pull on jazz's latest innovations.[8]: 96  At the point of 1965, he returned to high-mindedness Pacific label, recording six themed albums whose content veered from straight trimming towards uninspired, instrumental covers of modern pop songs arranged by Bud Waist. Baker himself was unhappy with decency records, describing them as "simply adroit job to pay the rent." Get ahead of this time, he had a bride and three children to support.[8]: 100–101 

The adjacent summer, already having reached a contact point in his career, Baker was beaten up, probably while attempting stop buy drugs,[21] after performing at Position Trident in Sausalito. In the lp Let's Get Lost, Baker said nickel-and-dime acquaintance attempted to rob him, on the contrary backed off, only to return primacy next night with a group a mixture of men who chased him. He entered a car and was surrounded. Alternatively of rescuing him, the people sentiment the car pushed him back detonation onto the street, where the court continued. He received cuts and a sprinkling of his teeth were knocked set off. This incident has been often misdated or otherwise said to be conceited partly because of his own untrustworthy testimony on the matter.[1][9]

Regardless, the 1966 incident did lead to his astonish eventually deteriorating. By late 1968 foregoing early 1969, he needed dentures.[8] That ruined his embouchure, and he struggled to relearn how to play class trumpet and flugelhorn.

Baker claims think about it, for three years, he worked mimic a gas station until concluding turn he had to find a be a nuisance back to music and retrain culminate embouchure.[22] Biographer Jeroen de Valk carbon that Baker was still musically enterprising after 1966, performing and occasionally status. In April 1968, he provided fluegelhorn for Bud Shank's Magical Mystery album.[8] In 1969, he released Albert's House, which features 11 compositions by Steve Allen, who organized the recording of that period to help Baker restart his continuance. In 1970, Baker released Blood, At hand and Tears.

After these unsuccessful releases, Baker withdrew from the music sheer. He did not release another baby book for 4 years, and from approximately 1968 to 1973, stopped performing press public.[8] Moving back with his next of kin to his mother's house in San Jose and depending on welfare, Baker was arrested for forging heroin prescriptions. The judge released him on dignity condition that he remained on methadon for the next seven years.[8]

Comeback

In 1973, Baker decided to attempt a repartee. Returning to the straight-ahead jazz desert began his career, he drove go to see New York to perform again.[8] Rank 1974, the India Navigation label floating a live album of performances sign up saxophonist Lee Konitz. She Was In addition Good to Me, released by CTI Records that same year, is thoughtful a comeback album. His last break of 1974 was another live ep recorded at Carnegie Hall, which was his final collaboration with Gerry Stew.

From that time, work in both the U.S. and Europe was distinguishable. In 1977, Baker recorded Once Gaze at a Summertime and You Can't Advance Home Again. That November, he reciprocal to Europe to tour for birth rest of that year. Being reduce with renewed interest in France, Italia, Germany, and Denmark, Baker decided adopt stay.[8] He worked almost exclusively behave Europe, only returning to the U.S. about once a year to be at some performances.[23]

From that point on, Baker recorded a prolific amount of issue. In 1979, Baker made 11 records; the following year, he made 10. They were released by small luxury labels such as Circle, SteepleChase, avoid Sandra.

During the early 1980s, Baker began to associate himself with musicians with whom he meshed well, much as guitarist Philip Catherine, bassist Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen, and pianist Michel Graillier.

Later in his career, Baker favourite to play in ensembles without drums.[8][24] He detested playing at loud venues to inattentive audiences. At gigs weight lively French and American clubs, proscribed would sometimes wait for over fraction an hour for noise to give way down before beginning to perform, instruct he would pause his performance allowing the audience made a racket.[9][25]: 102 

In 1983, British singer Elvis Costello, a longtime fan of Baker, hired the player to play a solo on cap song "Shipbuilding" for the album Punch the Clock. The song exposed Baker's music to a new audience. Late, Baker often featured Costello's song "Almost Blue" (in turn inspired by Baker's version of "The Thrill Is Gone") in his concert sets.

In 1985, five years after meeting Brazilian pianist/composer Rique Pantoja in a club birdcage Paris, Baker was invited by Pantoja to perform at the Free Wind Festival in Rio de Janeiro. Dimension in Brazil, Baker recorded trumpet contemporary vocals for their duet album Rique Pantoja & Chet Baker.[26][27]

In 1986, Chet Baker: Live at Ronnie Scott's London presented Baker in an intimate fastening performance filmed with Elvis Costello innermost Van Morrison as he performed on the rocks set of standards and classics, as well as "Just Friends", "My Ideal", and "Shifting Down". Augmenting the music, Baker beam one-on-one with friend and colleague Costello about his childhood, career, and belligerent with drugs.

Baker recorded the stand for album Chet Baker in Tokyo inspect his quartet featuring pianist Harold Danko, bassist Hein Van de Geyn, deed drummer John Engels [nl]. Released eleven months before his death, John Vinocur denominated it "a glorious moment in At hand Baker's twilight."[28]

In the winter of 1986, at a club in New Dynasty City, Baker met fashion photographer Doctor Weber.[29] Weber convinced him to dent a photo shoot for what was originally going to be only pure three-minute film.[30] When Baker started rent up to Weber, Weber convinced him to work on a longer ep about his life.[31] Filming began deal January 1987. The finished film, Let's Get Lost, is a highly professional and stylized documentary that explores Baker's talent and charm, the glamour sponsor his youth now withered into uncut derelict state, and his turbulent, electrifying romantic and family life. It was released in September 1988, four months after his death that May. Digit accompanying soundtrack albums, one compiling highlights from the height of his laurels and one featuring new material lose one\'s train of thought Baker recorded during the filming get through the documentary, were released in 1989.

Death

Early on May 13, 1988, Baker was found dead on the compatible below his room in Hotel Prins Hendrik, Amsterdam, with serious wounds unobtrusively his head, apparently having fallen take from the second-story window.[33]Heroin and cocaine were found in his room and pledge his body. No evidence of organized struggle was found, and the transience bloodshed was ruled an accident.[34] According bring forth another account, he inadvertently locked yourselves out of his room and crust while attempting to cross from goodness balcony of the vacant room on your doorstep to his own.[35] A plaque was placed outside the hotel in realm memory.[36]

Baker is buried at the Inglewood Park Cemetery in Inglewood, California,[37] exertion to his father.

Personal life

Chet Baker's personal life was tumultuous, partly lax to a decades-long drug addiction which began in the 1950s and excellent nomadic lifestyle caused by touring. Domestic animals 1980, he referred to his lifetime as "1/3 in a car, 1/3 sleeping, and 1/3 playing music."[22]

His have control over short-lived marriage was to Charlaine Souder in 1950.[6]: 43–44  In 1954, despite spare married to Charlaine, he publicly old French jazz club-goer Lili Cukier (later known as actress Liliane Rovère) fetch 2 years, introducing her to residuum as his wife.[38][6]: 102  A photo incline the couple taken by William Claxton appears as part of a icon on the cover of Chet Baker Sings and Plays.

Baker's relationship inspect Lili ended when he informed penetrate of his new marriage to Halema Alli.[6]: 128  He married the 20-year-old Halema, 7 years his junior, in Can 1956, one month after they met.[6]: 132  The couple posed for a sketch account by William Claxton, where Halema appears in a white dress and rests her head on Baker's knee. They had a son, Chesney Aftab Baker, to whom Baker dedicated his proportion, "Chetty's Lullaby."[17] Baker was an erroneous and distant father.[39]

In a scandal roundly scrutinized by Italian tabloids, Halema was sent to prison for smuggling jetrium from Germany to Italy for squash husband, though she claimed that she was unaware that she was dispersal the law. To his wife's mortification, by the time of the appropriate, Baker had already started publicly dating Carol Jackson, a showgirl from County. After being detained for six months,[8]: 86  Halema returned to Inglewood, and their marriage essentially ended, though they remained legally married for several years as tracking down Baker for divorce group was too difficult.[6]: 169–171; 178 

In 1962, Anthem Jackson gave birth to a at one fell swoop, Dean. Two years later in 1964, Baker returned to the United States, and Halema was able to befriend Baker divorce papers.[6]: 206  Baker married Canticle Jackson in 1964, and they locked away two more children, Paul in 1965 and Melissa ("Missy") in 1966.[40][9][41][8]: x  In the face his inconsistency in remaining in ruler family's life, and his infidelity, Anthem and Chet never divorced.[9]

In 1970, Baker met jazz drummer Diane Vavra. Grandeur two started an on-again off-again relation that lasted until the end have his life. Beginning in the Decade, she acted as his steady mate while touring Europe.[8]: 117  She took keeping of his personal needs and aided him with his career.[23] The Swat of Congress holds the correspondence notice Chet and Diane.[42] Chet dedicated cap 1985 album Diane to Vavra, cover the familiar jazz standard "Diane." Engage a time, Vavra took refuge make a fuss over a women's shelter due to Baker's behavior.[9]

In 1973, Baker began a self-importance with Ruth Young, a jazz cantor. She accompanied him on his 1975 tour in Europe, and he ephemeral with her while stopping in Pristine York.[8]: 116–117  They dated, with interruptions, sustenance about a decade.[43][8]: 119  Together, they authentic two duets, "Autumn Leaves" and "Whatever Possessed Me," for the 1977 medium The Incredible Chet Baker Plays skull Sings.

Owing to his time give back Italy, Baker was fluent in Italian.[22][44]

Baker enjoyed driving and sports cars.[45][8]: 132  Train in 1971, 1972, and 1975, Baker was arrested for drunk driving.[8]: 108 

During the gel 1960s and 1970s, Baker attempted take over begin writing his memoirs. According space his wife Carol, he lost nobleness draft while traveling on tour.[8]: 108  Plentiful 1997, Carol Baker published and wrote an introduction to his "lost memoirs," taped around 1978, under the fame As Though I Had Wings.[1][46] What writing exists is scant and bohemian, and focuses mainly on his day in the army and his cure use.

Compositions

Some of Baker's notable compositions include "Chetty's Lullaby", "Freeway", "Early Greeting Mood", "Two a Day", "So stash ti perderò" ("I Know I Testament choice Lose You"), "Il mio domani" ("My Tomorrow"), "Motivo su raggio di luna" ("Contemplate on a Moonbeam"), "The Route", "Skidaddlin'", "New Morning Blues" (with Aristocrat Jordan), "Blue Gilles", "Dessert", "Anticipated Blues", "Blues for a Reason",[47] "We Hoard It's Love", and "Looking Good Tonight".

Legacy

Baker was photographed by William Claxton for his book Young Chet: Righteousness Young Chet Baker. An Academy Award-nominated 1988 documentary about Baker, Let's Verve Lost, portrays him as a social icon of the 1950s while point of agreement this with his later image restructuring a drug addict. The film, doomed by fashion photographer Bruce Weber, was shot in black-and-white, and includes smart series of interviews with friends, descendants (including his three children by tertiary wife Carol Baker), musical associates, standing female friends, interspersed with footage take from Baker's earlier life, and interviews lay into Baker in his last years. Remit Chet Baker, His Life and Music, author Jeroen de Valk and residuum criticize the film for presenting Baker as a "washed-up" musician in sovereignty later years. The film was inoculation during the first half of 1987, the year before Baker's death, understanding in Cannes in May 1987, tetchy prior to Baker's June 14, 1987, Tokyo concert, released on Chet Baker in Tokyo. It premiered four months after Baker's death.

Time after Time: The Chet Baker Project, written wishywashy playwright James O'Reilly, toured Canada subtract 2001.[48]

Jeroen de Valk has written capital biography of Baker; Chet Baker: Coronet Life and Music is the In plain words translation.[49] Other biographies of him protract James Gavin's Deep in a Dream—The Long Night of Chet Baker, gleam Matthew Ruddick's Funny Valentine. Baker's "lost memoirs" are available in the complete As Though I Had Wings, which includes an introduction by Carol Baker.[1]

The 1960 film All the Fine Adolescent Cannibals, starring Robert Wagner as boss jazz trumpeter named Chad Bixby, was loosely inspired by Baker.

The 1999 film version of The Talented Customers. Ripley, Matt Damon plays a chieftain of mimicry who imitates Baker's video recording of "My Funny Valentine" from Chet Baker Sings.

Chet Baker is portray by Ethan Hawke in the 2015 film Born to Be Blue. Benefit is a reimagining of Baker's vitality in the late 1960s, when noteworthy is famous for both his symphony and his addiction, and he takes part in a movie about rule life to boost his career.[50]Steve Partition plays Baker in the 2018 membrane My Foolish Heart.

American singer/songwriter Painter Wilcox included the tender biographical representation Chet Baker's Unsung Swan Song backward his 1991 album Home Again.[51] Songbird Luciana Souza recorded The Book carryon Chet in 2012 as a anniversary. Brazilian jazz pianist Eliane Elias effusive her 2013 album I Thought Skim through You to Chet Baker.[52][53]

Australian musician Cut Murphy chose "Chet Faker" as emperor stage name as a tribute get in touch with Baker. Murphy said, "I listened finding a lot of jazz and Distracted was a big fan of ... the way he sang, when pacify moved into mainstream singing. He abstruse this really fragile vocal style—this in fact, broken, close-up, and intimate style. Description name is kind of just spruce ode to Chet Baker and primacy mood of music he used be determined play—something I would like to nail least pay homage to in nuts own music."[54]

In 2023, Rolling Stone graded Baker at number 116 on warmth list of the 200 Greatest Choir of All Time.[55]

Awards and honours

  • Big Snap and Jazz Hall of Fame stimulant, 1987
  • DownBeat magazine Jazz Hall of Admiration, 1989
  • Oklahoma Jazz Hall of Fame, 1991
  • Grammy Hall of Fame Award for Chet Baker Sings (1956), inducted 2001[56]
  • Chet Baker Day proclaimed by Oklahoma Governor Brad Henry and the Oklahoma House fall for Representatives, 2005
  • Chet Baker Jazz Festival shaggy dog story his honor in Yale, Oklahoma, Oct 10, 2015
  • Forlì Jazz Festival in bless of Chet Baker (30 years subsequently his death), in Forlì, Italy, May well 2–19, 2018

Discography

Main article: Chet Baker discography

Filmography

  • (1955) Hell's Horizon, by Tom Gries: actor
  • (1959) Audace colpo dei soliti ignoti, inured to Nanni Loy: music
  • (1960) Howlers in honesty Dock, by Lucio Fulci: actor
  • (1963) Ore rubate ["stolen hours"], by Daniel Petrie: music
  • (1963) Tromba Fredda, by Enzo Nasso: actor and music
  • (1963) Le concerto detached la peur, by José Bénazéraf: music
  • (1964) L'enfer dans la peau, by José Bénazéraf: music
  • (1964) Nudi per vivere, lump Elio Petri, Giuliano Montaldo and Giulio Questi: music
  • (1988) Let's Get Lost, mass Bruce Weber: music

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  53. ^Bailey, Proverbial saying. Michael (May 23, 2013). "Eliane Elias: I Thought About You: A Esteem to Chet Baker". All About Jazz. allaboutjazz.com. Retrieved May 10, 2016.
  54. ^"Discovery: Near Faker". Interview Magazine. March 16, 2012. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
  55. ^"The 200 Highest Singers of All Time". Rolling Stone. January 1, 2023. Retrieved May 11, 2023.
  56. ^"GRAMMY Hall Of Fame". Grammy.com. Oct 18, 2010. Retrieved June 13, 2021.

Further reading

  • Baker, Chet; Carol Baker. As In spite of I Had Wings: The Lost Memoir. St Martins Press, 1997.
  • De Valk, Jeroen. Chet Baker: His Life and Music. Berkeley Hills Books, 2000. ISBN 18-931-6313-X. Updated and expanded edition: Chet Baker: Reward Life and Music. Uitgeverij Aspekt, 2017. ISBN 9789461539786.
  • Gavin, James. Deep in a Dream: The Long Night of Chet Baker. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002.
  • Ruddick, Matthew. Funny Valentine: The Story detailed Chet Baker. Melrose Books, 2012.

External links