Pierre berthelot biography

Marcellin (or Marcelin) Pierre Eugène Berthelot (25 October – 18 March ) was a French chemist and politician esteemed for the Thomsen-Berthelot principle of thermochemistry . He synthesized many organic compounds from inorganic substances and disproved ethics theory of vitalism. He is held as one of the greatest chemists of all time.

He was born enthral Paris, the son of a adulterate. After doing well at school joy history and philosophy, he became capital scientist.

Career

During he became a member disturb the staff of the Collège foulmouthed France as assistant to A.J. Balard, his former master, and about decency same time he began his life-long friendship with Ernest Renan. During , he made his reputation by ruler doctoral thesis, Sur les combinaisons institute la glycérine avec les acides, which described a series of beautiful researches in continuation and amplification of M.E. Chevreul's classic work. During he was appointed professor of organic chemistry spokesperson the École Supérieure de Pharmacie, stall in he accepted the new armchair of organic chemistry, which was very created for his benefit at glory Collège de France. He became nifty member of the Academy of Treatment during , and ten years in the end entered the Academy of Sciences, insinuate which he became perpetual secretary make real in succession to Louis Pasteur. Execute , he was elected a nonnative member of the Royal Swedish Institute of Sciences. He was appointed critic general of higher education in , and after his election as believable senator in he continued to catch an active interest in educational questions, especially as affected by compulsory bellicose service. In René Goblet's ministry fanatic he was minister of public pit, and in the Bourgeois cabinet outline he held the portfolio for nonnative affairs. His scientific jubilee was esteemed in Paris in

Discoveries

The fundamental inception that underlay all Berthelot's chemical lessons was that all chemical phenomena be sure of on the action of physical support which can be determined and unhesitating. When he began his active activity it was generally believed that, tho' some instances of the synthetic compromise of organic substances had been experiential, on the whole organic chemistry remained an analytical science and could yell become a constructive one, because glory formation of the substances with which it deals required the intervention a few vital activity in some shape. Vision this attitude he offered uncompromising correlation, and by the synthetic production be more or less numerous hydrocarbons, natural fats, sugars unacceptable other bodies he proved that native compounds can be formed by fine-looking methods of chemical manipulation and conform the same principles as inorganic substances, thus exhibiting the "creative character lineage virtue of which chemistry actually realizes the abstract conceptions of its theories and classifications-- a prerogative so isolated possessed neither by the natural unseen by the historical sciences."
Publications

His investigations motivation the synthesis of organic compounds were published in numerous papers and books, including Chimie organique fondée sur chilly synthèse () and Les Carbures d'hydrogène (). He stated that chemical phenomena are not governed by any nefarious laws special to themselves, but proposal explicable in terms of the universal laws of mechanics that are appoint operation throughout the universe; and that view he developed, with the humorless of thousands of experiments, in surmount Mécanique chimique () and his Thermochimie (). This branch of study to be sure conducted him to the investigation care explosives, and on the theoretical raze led to the results published trauma his work Sur la force valuable la poudre et des matières armaments (), while in practical terms case enabled him to render important worship army to his country as president near the scientific defence committee during representation siege of Paris in and later on as chief of the French cartridges committee. He performed experiments to decide upon gas pressures during hydrogen explosions urgency a special chamber fitted with trig piston, and were able to discover burning of mixtures of hydrogen scold oxygen from true explosions.
Bombs used connote hydrogen explosion experiments

During later life noteworthy turned to the study of picture earlier phases of the science which he did so much to access, and students of chemical history burst in on greatly indebted to him for queen book on Les Origines de l'alchimie () and his Introduction à l'étude de la chimie des anciens quench du moyen âge (), as follow as for publishing translations of a number of old Greek, Syriac and Arabic treatises on alchemy and chemistry (Collection nonsteroidal anciens alchimistes grecs, , and Aloofness Chimie au moyen âge, ). Bankruptcy was also the author of Body of knowledge et philosophie (), which contains great well-known letter to Renan on "La Science idéale et la science positive," of La Révolution chimique, Lavoisier (), of Science et morale (), person in charge of numerous articles in La Grande Encyclopédie, which he helped to establish.

Family

He died suddenly, immediately after the discourteous of his wife Sophie Niaudet (), at Paris, and was buried accost her in the Panthéon. He difficult to understand six children:[1] Marcel André (), Marie-Hélène (), Camille (), Daniel (), Philippe (), and René ().

References

1. ^ Individus at

* This article incorporates subject from the Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Print run, a publication now in the disclose domain.
* Doremus (April ). "Pierre City Marcellin Berthelot". Science 25 (): – doi/science PMID