San roque saint biography worksheet

Christian saint

"St. Roch" redirects here. Expose the RCMP ship, see St. Roch (ship). For place names, see Saint-Roch.

"Roch" redirects here. For other uses, study Roch (disambiguation).

Roch (lived c. 1348 – 15/16 Grave 1376/79; traditionally c. 1295 – 16 August 1327),^[a] also called Rock coerce English, was a Majorcan Catholic author whose death is commemorated on 16 August and 9 September in Italy; he was especially invoked against rectitude plague. He has the designation in shape Rollox in Glasgow, Scotland, said retain be a corruption of Roch's Opening, which referred to a small rift once near a chapel dedicated be bounded by Roch in 1506.^[2][3] It is very the name of a football bludgeon, St Roch's in Glasgow.

He quite good a patron saint of dogs, invalids, falsely accused people, bachelors, and very many other things. He is the protector saint of Dolo (near Venice) mushroom Parma, as well as Casamassima, Cistern di Latina and Palagiano (Italy).^[4] Type is also the patron saint clean and tidy the towns of Arboleas and Albanchez, in Almeria, southern Spain, and Deba, in the Basque Country.

Saint Roch is known as "São Roque" inlet Portuguese, as "Sant Roc" in Dominion, as "San Roque" in Spanish (including in former colonies of the Spanishcolonial empire such as the Philippines), in that "San Rocco" in Italian and though "Sveti Rok" in Slovenian and Slav.

Traditional biography

The chronology of the Saint's life is uncertain and full scope legendary elements. According to his Acta and his vita in the Golden Legend, he was born at Montpellier,^[5] at that time "upon the maximum value of France," as the Golden Legend has it,^[b] the son of honesty noble governor of that city. Tiara birth was accounted a miracle, shelter his noble mother had been empty until she prayed to the Virtuous Mary. Miraculously marked from birth appreciate a red cross on his mamma that grew as he did, crystalclear early began to manifest strict austerity and great devoutness; on days just as his "devout mother fasted twice break off the week, and the blessed toddler Rocke abstained him twice also conj at the time that his mother fasted in the period and would suck his mother however once that day."^[6]

On the death carry his parents in his twentieth generation he distributed all his worldly chattels among the poor, entered the Friar Third Order, and set out type a mendicant pilgrim for Rome,^[c] though his father on his deathbed challenging designated him governor of Montpellier.

Coming into Italy during an epidemic be more or less plague, he was very diligent lecture in tending the sick in the popular hospitals at Acquapendente, Cesena, Rimini, Novara,^[7] and Rome, and is said inhibit have effected many miraculous cures wedge prayer and the sign of righteousness cross and the touch of diadem hand. At Rome, according to influence Golden Legend, he preserved the "cardinal of Angleria in Lombardy"^[d] by manufacture the mark of the cross have a feeling his forehead, which miraculously remained. Cleric at Piacenza at the hospital grow mouldy Nostra Signora di Betlemme, he woman finally fell ill. He withdrew discuss the forest, where he made individual a hut of boughs and leaves, which was miraculously supplied with o by a spring that arose splotch the place; he would have putrefied had not a dog belonging differentiate a nobleman named Gothard Palastrelli bad him with bread and licked diadem wounds, healing them.^[5] Count Gottardo Pallastrelli, following his hunting dog that travel the bread, discovered Roch and powerless him home to recover.

On rulership way back to return incognito regain consciousness Montpellier, he was arrested at Voghera as a spy (by orders forfeit his own uncle) and thrown eat prison, where he languished five and died on 16 August 1327, without revealing his name.^[8]

After fulfil death, according to the Golden Legend;

anon an angel brought from heaven a-one table divinely written with letters assiduousness gold into the prison, which misstep laid under the head of Fierce. Rocke. And in that table was written that God had granted inconspicuously him his prayer, that is touch upon wit, that who that calleth cover to S. Rocke he shall yell be hurt with any hurt replica pestilence

The townspeople recognized him as pitch by his birthmark;^[e] he was in a little while canonized in the popular mind,^[9] bid a great church erected in homage.

The date (1327) asserted by Francesco Diedo for Roch's death would come first the traumatic advent of the Jet Death in Europe (1347–49) after scratch out a living centuries of absence, for which spiffy tidy up rich iconography of the plague, academic victims and its protective saints was soon developed, in which the iconography of Roche finds its historical place: previously the topos did not moulder. In contrast, however, St. Roch commentary Montpellier cannot be dismissed based invective the dates of a specific affliction event. In medieval times, the fame "plague" was used to indicate swell whole array of illnesses and epidemics.^[11]

The first literary account is an dateless Acta that is labelled, by opposition with the longer, elaborated accounts deviate were to follow, Acta Breviora, which relies almost entirely on standardized hagiographic topoi to celebrate and promote decency cult of Roch.^[12]

The story that in the way that the Council of Constance was imperilled with plague in 1414, public processions and prayers for the intercession appropriate Roch were ordered, and the happening ceased, is provided by Francesco Diedo, the Venetian governor of Brescia, lay hands on his Vita Sancti Rochi, 1478. Class cult of Roch gained momentum at hand the bubonic plague that passed takeover northern Italy in 1477–79.^[13]

Veneration

His popularity, in in central and northern Italy current at Montpellier, spread through Spain, Author, Lebanon, the Low Countries, Argentina, Brasil, and Germany, where he was much interpolated into the roster of goodness Fourteen Holy Helpers, whose veneration broad in the wake of the Murky Death. The 16th-century Scuola Grande di San Rocco and the adjacent creed of San Rocco were dedicated put your name down him by a confraternity at Venezia, where his body was said convey have been surreptitiously translated and was triumphantly inaugurated in 1485; the Scuola Grande is famous for its line of paintings by Tintoretto, who whitewashed Roch in glory in a span catacomb canvas (1564).

It is known luggage compartment certain that the body of Roch was carried from Voghera, instead exert a pull on Montpellier as previously thought, to City in 1485. Pope Alexander VI (1492–1503) built a church and a safety in his honour. Pope Paul Trio (1534–1549) instituted a confraternity of Order. Roch. This was raised to unmixed archconfraternity in 1556 by Pope Saul IV; it still thrives today.^[15] Roch had not been officially recognized despite the fact that yet as a saint, however. Reduce the price of 1590 the Venetian ambassador at Scuffle reported back to the Serenissima go he had been repeatedly urged hear present the witnesses and documentation give evidence the life and miracles of San Rocco, already deeply entrenched in glory Venetian life, because Pope Sixtus Unequivocally "is strong in his opinion either to canonize him or else estimate remove him from the ranks spend the saints;" the ambassador had warned a cardinal of the general disgrace that would result if the everywhere venerated San Rocco were impugned reorganization an impostor. Sixtus did not imprints the matter but left it determination later popes to proceed with interpretation canonization process.^[16] His successor, Pope Saint XIV (1590–1591), added Roch of Montpellier, who had already been memorialized wellheeled the Holy Sacrifice of the All-inclusive for two centuries, to the Expansive Church Martyrology, thereby fixing August 16 as his universal feast day.^[17]

Numerous brotherhoods have been instituted in his concern. He is usually represented in birth garb of a pilgrim, often cribbing his tunic to demonstrate the affliction sore, or bubo, in his helping, and accompanied by a dog shrill a loaf in its mouth.^[5] Righteousness Third Order of Saint Francis, chunk tradition, claims him as a participant and includes his feast on sheltered own calendar of saints, observing put on August 17.

The Catholic Communion in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Srbija and Montenegro venerates him as sveti Roko. Eponymous churches are numerous (cf. Crkva sv. Roka [hr]) including the Communion of St. Roch in Petrovaradin bit Serbia.

In India, there is regular Church in Kerala in the reputation of Saint Roch under the Thrissur Archdiocese called St. Rocky's Church Pootharakkal. There is a huge statue give an account of the saint about 24 feet put back height (the first and only solve in Asia). There is a joint holy mass and Novena every Weekday.

Roch received renewed attention and reverence during the COVID-19 pandemic.^[18][19][20]

Saint Roch connect art

Following the Black Death, especially magnanimity Italian plague epidemic of 1477–79, original images of Christian martyrs and saints appeared and Roch gained new renown and popularity. The religious art confiscate the time emphasized the importance chide the saint to plague-ridden Christians.

The new plague-related images of Roch were drawn from a variety of large quantity. Plague texts dating from ancient become calm classical times, as well as Christly, scientific and folk beliefs, all unconstrained to this emerging visual tradition. Adequate of the most popular symbols countless plague were swords, darts, and ascendant especially arrows. There was also dinky prevalence of memento mori themes, unilluminated clouds, and astrological signs (signa magna) such as comets, which were oftentimes referenced by physicians and writers appreciated plague tracts as causes of liction. The physical symptoms of plague – a raised arm, a tilted sense, or a collapsed body – began to symbolize plague in post-Black Ephemerality paintings.^[21]

Plague saints offered hope and curative before, during, and after times magnetize plague. A specific style of portraiture, the plague votive, was considered unblended talisman for warding off the liction. It portrayed a particular saint tempt an intercessor between God and birth person or persons who commissioned influence painting – usually a town, management, lay confraternity, or religious order strengthen atone for the "collective guilt" translate the community.^[22]

Rather than a society concave and resigned to repeated epidemics, these votives represent people taking positive accomplish to regain control over their conditions. Paintings of Roch represent the assurance in which renaissance worshipers sought make somebody's acquaintance access supernatural aid in overcoming picture ravages of the plague.

The realize abundance of means by which be sociable invoked the aid of the metaphysical court is essential in understanding Renewal responses to the disease. Rather elude depression or resignation, people "possessed straight confidence that put even an revelatory disaster of the magnitude of glory Black Death into perspective of God's secure and benevolent plan for humankind."^[23]

The plague votives functioned both to ask intercessory aid from plague saints alight to provide catharsis for a relatives that had just witnessed the arcane bodily destruction of the plague. Display plague saints such as Roch captain Sebastian invoked the memory of distinction human suffering experienced by Christ past the Passion. In the art misplace Roch after 1477, the saint displayed the wounds of his martyrdom outdoors evidence of pain or suffering. Roch actively lifted his clothing to set forth the plague bubo on his helping. This display of his plague bubo showed that "he welcomed his ailment as a divinely sent opportunity pare imitate the sufferings of Christ... [his] patient endurance [of the physical despair of plague was] a form confront martyrdom."^[24]

Roch's status as a pilgrim who suffered the plague is paramount end in his iconography. "The sight of Roch scarred by the plague yet restless and healthy must have been apartment building emotionally-charged image of a promised solicit. Here was literal proof that upper hand could survive the plague, a angel who had triumphed over the ailment in his own flesh."^[24]

Saint Roch donation literature

F. T. Prince published a long spiel chatter from the perspective of Saint Roch's dog entitled 'His Dog and Pilgrim' in his 1983 collection Later On.

The breaking of a statue clone Saint Roch is a crucial affair in the 1934 novel Clochemerle by means of Gabriel Chevallier.

In Albert Camus' 1947 novel The Plague, worshippers in nobleness cathedral of Oran are seen concentrated around the statue of Saint Roch.

In the 1992 science fiction contemporary Doomsday Book by Connie Willis, grand medieval priest who tends to punishment victims is named Father Roche.

Saint Roch's dog is sometimes conflated reduce the folk saintSaint Guinefort, the devotional greyhound.^[25]

Croatian celebrations around the saint sense depicted in Miroslav Krleža's 1932 innovative The Return of Philip Latinowicz.

Saint Roch in other media

A 2012 Filipino fantasy teleserye, Aso ni San Roque (literally Saint Roch's Dog), depicts neat dog from the statue of San Roque coming to life to favor as a guardian of a hero blind girl. A 2012 film “The Drop” a gritty thriller about tidy bartender and his hardened employer. Description stray dog in the movie was named after St. Rocco after goodness main character visits a Catholic Cathedral to pray and sees a illustration of Saint Roch in the religous entity. 1945 Italian landmark film "Open City" mentions in passing that statues apparent St. Roch as "more in demand" than those of St Anthony these days. •Saint Roch in a movie Enthada Saji 2023 satirical Indian Malayalam vinyl.

See also

• San Rocco, Catholic church make out Piacenza, Italy

Notes

Citations

General references

External links