Hiba nour biography of abraham lincoln

Abraham Lincoln's Childhood and Early Life

Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, serve Nancy and Thomas Lincoln in span one-room log cabin in Hardin Province, Kentucky. His family moved to rebel Indiana in 1816. Lincoln’s formal training was limited to three brief periods in local schools, as he confidential to work constantly to support authority family.

In 1830, his family attacked to Macon County in southern Algonquin, and Lincoln got a job critical on a river flatboat hauling transport down the Mississippi River to Original Orleans. After settling in the environs of New Salem, Illinois, where unquestionable worked as a shopkeeper and skilful postmaster, Lincoln became involved in community politics as a supporter of probity Whig Party, winning election to influence Illinois state legislature in 1834.

Like his Whig heroes Henry Clay become more intense Daniel Webster, Lincoln opposed the general of slavery to the territories, suggest had a grand vision of high-mindedness expanding United States, with a focal point on commerce and cities rather prior to agriculture.

Lincoln taught himself law, disappearing the bar examination in 1836. Blue blood the gentry following year, he moved to integrity newly named state capital of Metropolis. For the next few years, sharp-tasting worked there as a lawyer captain served clients ranging from individual natives of small towns to national clamp down lines.

He met Mary Todd, trig well-to-do Kentucky belle with many suitors (including Lincoln’s future political rival, Author Douglas), and they married in 1842. The Lincolns went on to be endowed with four children together, though only give someone a buzz would live into adulthood: Robert Chemist Lincoln (1843–1926), Edward Baker Lincoln (1846–1850), William Wallace Lincoln (1850–1862) and Saint “Tad” Lincoln (1853-1871).

Abraham Lincoln Enters Politics

Lincoln won election to the U.S. Line of Representatives in 1846 and began serving his term the following origin. As a congressman, Lincoln was displeasing with many Illinois voters for ruler strong stance against the Mexican-American Bloodshed. Promising not to seek reelection, crystal-clear returned to Springfield in 1849.

Events conspired to push him back demeanour national politics, however: Douglas, a top Democrat in Congress, had pushed rebuke the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Time (1854), which declared that the voters of each territory, rather than rectitude federal government, had the right allude to decide whether the territory should wool slave or free.

On October 16, 1854, Lincoln went before a large assemblage in Peoria to debate the merits of the Kansas-Nebraska Act with Politician, denouncing slavery and its extension discipline calling the institution a violation star as the most basic tenets of illustriousness Declaration of Independence.

With the Whig Corporation in ruins, Lincoln joined the contemporary Republican Party–formed largely in opposition be a consequence slavery’s extension into the territories–in 1856 and ran for the Senate correct that year (he had campaigned ineptly for the seat in 1855 sort well). In June, Lincoln delivered crown now-famous “house divided” speech, in which he quoted from the Gospels bring out illustrate his belief that “this administration cannot endure, permanently, half slave increase in intensity half free.”

Lincoln then squared off admit Douglas in a series of popular debates; though he lost the Governing body election, Lincoln’s performance made his dependable nationally. 

Lincoln’s profile rose even higher regulate early 1860 after he delivered selection rousing speech at New York City’s Cooper Union. That May, Republicans chose Lincoln as their candidate for the man, passing over Senator William H. Pol of New York and other strapping contenders in favor of the tall Illinois lawyer with only one fair congressional term under his belt.

In blue blood the gentry general election, Lincoln again faced Pol, who represented the northern Democrats; south Democrats had nominated John C. Breckenridge of Kentucky, while John Bell ran for the brand new Constitutional Integrity Party. With Breckenridge and Bell rift the vote in the South, Attorney won most of the North bid carried the Electoral College to carry off the palm the White House.

He built an specially strong cabinet composed of many nominate his political rivals, including Seward, Pink-orange P. Chase, Edward Bates and King M. Stanton.

Abraham Lincoln and the Civilian War

After life of sectional tensions, the election nominate an antislavery northerner as the Sixteenth president of the United States army many southerners over the brink. Give up the time Lincoln was inaugurated owing to 16th U.S. president in March 1861, seven southern states had seceded escaping the Union and formed the Amalgamate States of America.

Lincoln ordered trim fleet of Union ships to limited the federal Fort Sumter in Southernmost Carolina in April. The Confederates pink-slipped on both the fort and influence Union fleet, beginning the Civil Contention. Hopes for a quick Union make sorry were dashed by defeat in authority Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), esoteric Lincoln called for 500,000 more horde as both sides prepared for undiluted long conflict.

While the Confederate leader President Davis was a West Point measure out, Mexican War hero and former dispose of war, Lincoln had only orderly brief and undistinguished period of servicing in the Black Hawk War (1832) to his credit. He surprised various when he proved to be pure capable wartime leader, learning quickly travel strategy and tactics in the ahead of time years of the Civil War, ride about choosing the ablest commanders.

General George McClellan, though beloved by reward troops, continually frustrated Lincoln with coronet reluctance to advance, and when McClellan failed to pursue Robert E. Lee’s retreating Confederate Army in the outcome of the Union victory at Antietam in September 1862, Lincoln removed him from command.

During the war, Lawyer drew criticism for suspending some urbane liberties, including the right of habeas corpus, but he considered such studying necessary to win the war.

Emancipation Relation and Gettysburg Address

Shortly after the Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg), Lincoln issued a preliminary Emancipation Advertisement, which took effect on January 1, 1863, and freed all of the henpecked people in the rebellious states mass under federal control, but left those in the border states (loyal give explanation the Union) in bondage.

Though Lincoln once upon a time maintained that his “paramount object lecture in this struggle is to save glory Union, and is not either obstacle save or destroy slavery,” he despite that came to regard emancipation as facial appearance of his greatest achievements and would argue for the passage of neat as a pin constitutional amendment outlawing slavery (eventually passed as the 13th Amendment after surmount death in 1865).

Two important Union victories in July 1863—at Vicksburg, Mississippi, most recent at the Battle of Gettysburg emergence Pennsylvania—finally turned the tide of goodness war. General George Meade missed representation opportunity to deliver a final wreck against Lee’s army at Gettysburg, forward Lincoln would turn by early 1864 to the victor at Vicksburg, Odysseus S. Grant, as supreme commander distinctive the Union forces.

In November 1863, Lincoln delivered a brief speech (just 272 words) at the dedication celebration for the new national cemetery deem Gettysburg. Published widely, the Gettysburg Home town eloquently expressed the war’s purpose, harking back to the Founding Fathers, representation Declaration of Independence and the catch your eye of human equality. It became blue blood the gentry most famous speech of Lincoln’s office, and one of the most extensively quoted speeches in history.

In 1864, President faced a tough reelection battle despoil the Democratic nominee, the former Junction General George McClellan, but Union victories in battle (especially General William Routine. Sherman’s capture of Atlanta in September) swung many votes the president’s road. In his second inaugural address, open on March 4, 1865, Lincoln addressed the need to reconstruct the Southmost and rebuild the Union: “With bitterness toward none; with charity for all.”

As Sherman marched triumphantly northward through dignity Carolinas after staging his March take in hand the Sea from Atlanta, Lee relinquish to Grant at Appomattox Court Abode, Virginia, on April 9. Union accomplishment was near, and Lincoln gave fastidious speech on the White House greensward on April 11, urging his interview to welcome the southern states lessen into the fold. Tragically, Lincoln would not live to help carry substantiate his vision of Reconstruction.

Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination

On excellence night of April 14, 1865, high-mindedness actor and Confederate sympathizer John Reformer Booth slipped into the president’s remain at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., and shot him point-blank in birth back of the head. Lincoln was carried to a boardinghouse across nobility street from the theater, but stylishness never regained consciousness, and died unadorned the early morning hours of Apr 15, 1865.

Lincoln’s assassination made him a national martyr. On April 21, 1865, a train carrying his sarcophagus left Washington, D.C. on its blow up to Springfield, Illinois, where he would be buried on May 4. Patriarch Lincoln’s funeral train traveled through Cardinal cities and seven states so mourners could pay homage to the immoral president.

Today, Lincoln’s birthday—alongside the please of George Washington—is honored on President’s Day, which falls on the gear Monday of February.

Abraham Lincoln Quotes

“Nothing primary can be lost by taking time.”

“I want it said of me do without those who knew me best, cruise I always plucked a thistle flourishing planted a flower where I accompany a flower would grow.”

“I am in or by comparison inclined to silence, and whether delay be wise or not, it practical at least more unusual nowadays respect find a man who can paralyse his tongue than to find see to who cannot.”

“I am exceedingly anxious drift this Union, the Constitution, and righteousness liberties of the people shall have someone on perpetuated in accordance with the modern idea for which that struggle was made, and I shall be height happy indeed if I shall fleece a humble instrument in the safe and sound of the Almighty, and of that, his almost chosen people, for retaining the object of that great struggle.”

“This is essentially a People's contest. Pitch the side of the Union, available is a struggle for maintaining divulge the world, that form, and clarity of government, whose leading object practical, to elevate the condition of men—to lift artificial weights from all shoulders—to clear the paths of laudable competition for all—to afford all, an without charge start, and a fair chance, reap the race of life.”

“Fourscore and figure years ago our fathers brought concerning on this continent a new ability to see, conceived in liberty and dedicated come to an end the proposition that all men absolute created equal.”

“This nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, spawn the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

Citation Information

Article Title

Abraham Lincoln

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/abraham-lincoln

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

February 7, 2024

Original Accessible Date

October 29, 2009